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安装 Elastic Search ​

Quick start guide - Elasticsearch 8.14

下载和安装 ​

Installing Elasticsearch

Download and install archive for Linux

Run Elasticsearch from the command line

下载压缩包：

sh
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-8.17.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

校验 SHA512：（可选）

sh
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-8.17.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz.sha512
shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-8.17.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz.sha512

校验正确应当输出：elasticsearch-8.17.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz: OK

解压缩到 HOME 目录，其文件名默认为 elasticsearch-8.17.3：

sh
tar -xzf elasticsearch-8.17.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C ~

启动 ​

sh
cd ~/elasticsearch-8.17.3
./bin/elasticsearch

首次启动 Elasticsearch 时，默认情况下会启用并配置安全功能。以下安全配置会自动发生：

  • 启用身份验证和授权，并为内置超级用户 elastic 生成密码。
    • elastic 用户的密码和 Kibana 的注册令牌会在终端输出。
  • 为传输层和 HTTP 层生成 TLS 的证书和密钥，并使用这些密钥和证书启用和配置 TLS。
  • 为 Kibana 生成注册令牌，有效期为 30 分钟。

命令行输出形如：

sh
✅ Elasticsearch security features have been automatically configured!
✅ Authentication is enabled and cluster connections are encrypted.

ℹ️  Password for the elastic user (reset with `bin/elasticsearch-reset-password -u elastic`):
  ********************

ℹ️  HTTP CA certificate SHA-256 fingerprint:
  ****************************************************************

ℹ️  Configure Kibana to use this cluster:
• Run Kibana and click the configuration link in the terminal when Kibana starts.
• Copy the following enrollment token and paste it into Kibana in your browser (valid for the next 30 minutes):
  ********************************************************************************

ℹ️  Configure other nodes to join this cluster:
• On this node:
  ⁃ Create an enrollment token with `bin/elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token -s node`.
  ⁃ Uncomment the transport.host setting at the end of config/elasticsearch.yml.
  ⁃ Restart Elasticsearch.
• On other nodes:
  ⁃ Start Elasticsearch with `bin/elasticsearch --enrollment-token <token>`, using the enrollment token that you generated.

ElasticSearch 默认运行端口为 9200。

添加环境变量 ​

将下列内容添加到 .bashrc 或 .zshrc：

sh
export ES_HOME=~/elasticsearch-8.17.3
export ELASTIC_PASSWORD="<your_password>"
export PATH=$ES_HOME/bin:$PATH

重新加载配置：

sh
zsh

检查 Elasticsearch 是否运行 ​

sh
curl --cacert $ES_HOME/config/certs/http_ca.crt -u elastic:$ELASTIC_PASSWORD https://localhost:9200

输出形如：

json
{
  "name" : "<your_hostname>",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "**********************",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "8.17.3",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "tar",
    "build_hash" : "****************************************",
    "build_date" : "2024-06-10T23:35:17.114581191Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "9.10.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "7.17.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "7.0.0"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

重置密码 ​

sh
elasticsearch-reset-password -u elastic

在集群中注册新节点 ​

首先在运行 Elasticsearch 的终端中执行：

sh
elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token -s node

然后在新节点的目录下执行：

sh
elasticsearch --enrollment-token <enrollment-token>

这里的 <enrollment-token> 是上一步生成的注册令牌。 Elasticsearch 会自动在 config/certs 目录下生成证书和密钥。

命令行选项：

sh
elasticsearch-create-enrollment-token --help
sh
Creates enrollment tokens for elasticsearch nodes and kibana instances

Option (* = required)  Description
---------------------  -----------
-E <KeyValuePair>      Configure a setting
-f, --force            Use this option to force execution of the command
                         against a cluster that is currently unhealthy.
-h, --help             Show help
* -s, --scope          The scope of this enrollment token, can be either "node"
                         or "kibana"
--url                  the URL where the elasticsearch node listens for
                         connections.
-v, --verbose          Show verbose output

复制证书到其他目录 ​

sh
cp $ES_HOME/config/certs/http_ca.crt ~/repos/bili-scraper/configs/elastic_ca.crt

安装 Python client ​

sh
pip install elasticsearch --upgrade

Python Client Examples

Python Client Helpers

安装插件 ​

安装 Smart Chinese analysis 插件 ​

sh
elasticsearch-plugin install analysis-smartcn

Smart Chinese analysis plugin | Elasticsearch Plugins and Integrations [8.14] | Elastic

安装 IK 分词插件 ​

sh
elasticsearch-plugin install https://get.infini.cloud/elasticsearch/analysis-ik/8.17.3

注意：analysis-ik 插件需要与 Elasticsearch 版本匹配。

默认的 stopword.dic 文件中包含了一些停用词（stop word），分词的时候会被过滤。如果不想过滤这些词，可以将该 dic 文件清空：

sh
cd $ES_HOME/config/analysis-ik
cp stopword.dic stopword.dic.bak && rm stopword.dic && touch stopword.dic

重启 Elasticsearch 以使清空配置的操作生效。

infinilabs/analysis-ik: 🚌 The IK Analysis plugin integrates Lucene IK analyzer into Elasticsearch and OpenSearch, support customized dictionary.

Elasticsearch 中文分词器-阿里云开发者社区

安装 pinyin 插件 ​

sh
elasticsearch-plugin install https://get.infini.cloud/elasticsearch/analysis-pinyin/8.17.3

注意：analysis-pinyin 插件需要与 Elasticsearch 版本匹配。

infinilabs/analysis-pinyin: 🛵 This Pinyin Analysis plugin is used to do conversion between Chinese characters and Pinyin.

安装 stconvert 插件 ​

sh
elasticsearch-plugin install https://get.infini.cloud/elasticsearch/analysis-stconvert/8.17.3

注意：analysis-stconvert 插件需要与 Elasticsearch 版本匹配。

infinilabs/analysis-stconvert: 中文简繁體互相转换.

重启 Elasticsearch 以使插件生效 ​

sh
cd ~/elasticsearch-8.17.3/
./bin/elasticsearch

或者：（可执行程序已经添加到环境变量）

sh
elasticsearch

查看已安装插件 ​

sh
elasticsearch-plugin list

输出形如：

sh
analysis-ik
analysis-pinyin
analysis-smartcn
analysis-stconvert

升级 ElasticSearch ​

Elastic Installation and Upgrade Guide [8.17] | Elastic

  1. 备份或清空数据
  2. 关停所有数据库读写任务
  3. 关停所有 ElasticSearch 和 Kibana 的服务
  4. 下载新版本：（例如 8.14.1 -> 8.17.3）
  • 由于上面的过程都是在独立的目录下进行，所以可以直接下载新版本并解压缩
  • 只需要把所有步骤中的 8.14.1 替换为 8.17.3 即可
  1. 升级 Kibana，详见：升级 Kibana